Tuesday, June 2, 2009

SAP Kernel upgrade

First question ----Why we do kernel upgrade??

My way of answer ---There are many reasons to upgrade kernel.In a basic way we need a new device driver for our old or new hardware.overall concept is we are reducing the bugs by using this new kernel.

Now lets jump in SAP.SAP system consists of kernel & applications.Kernel is the Central program for the SAP applications.We can always upgrade the kernel to higher release while leaving the applications in the original release.that is the reason Kernel is said to be "downward compatible" but it is limited to the same SAP release sequence.after kernel upgrade we gain using updated program patches & many other improvements which  I don't see from administrator side.

I always check the relevant SAP notes before i upgrade the kernel to make sure I am doing in a safe & quicker way.

Now lets start with my steps in  unix environment.

Firstly get the Kernel patchlevel info .steps to do that 

In sap level---SM51--> click on release notes.
                    ---System -->status-->click on the arrow mark with shows other kernel info 
In unix level --- disp+work -v | more

As per the Kernel info (For example SAP R3 ENTERPRISE)

go to service.sap.com/patches

Support Packages and Patches à SAP Application Componentsà SAP R/3 ENTERPRISEà SAP R/3 ENTERPRISE 47X110à Entry by Componentà SAP R/3 Enterprise Server

Download both sapexe & sapexedb files as per your OS & database for the latest patch level.

Please move these files to the unix box to one path ex: /user/newkernel

Now uncar the files using the command

SAPCAR -xvf  SAPEXEDB_247-10002837.SAR

SAPCAR -xvf SAPEXE_247-10002836.SAR

Now the main steps

1.Create a system message using sm02 transaction.(System will be down for kernel upgrade & will be back after 30 mins)

2.Log in as sidadm .Put the sap down

stopsap R3

stop saposcol

saposcol -k

3.Backup the old kernel 

cd /sapmnt/SID/exe

cp -pr *  /user/oldkernel

Check if backup is done properly 

du -sk /sapmnt/SID/exe -->930148

du -sk /usr/oldkernel -->930148

4.copy the new kernel directory 

cd /usr/newkernel

cp -pr * /sapmnt/SID/exe

Now login as root

./saproot.sh SID

(Reason-->Script will change the owner and the permission of related kernel file.ex:disp+work.exe owner will be sidadm brtools.exe will have oraadm)

Now again check if the new kernel is replaced by oldkernel

disp+work -v | more

5.start saposcol & sap .

Login as sidadm

saposcol -l

startsap R3

& Remove the system message which was posted before.


After the kernel upgrade bringing back the system is always not easy.You could be facing many issues.First place i would ask you to start troubleshooting by checking the worklogs.


Saturday, May 2, 2009

small info on LDAP CONNECTOR

USE

The LDAP Connector interface is a collection of function modules with which you can access a directory server using the LDAP connector

Configuring the LDAP connector

Prerequisites

Whoever starts the LDAP connector requires authorizations S_RZL_ADM9 

Procedure

1.Create a RFC destination of connection type T in transaction sm59 .(Need to specify the name of the RFC destination in capital letters).

2.Select Registered server program as activation type.

3.Use the name of the RFC destination as the program ID.

4.Under Gateway Options,enter the gateway with which the LDAP connector is to register.

5.Save your entries.

6.Now transaction LDAP (In the initial screen of the directory service maintenance),choose LDAP Administration-->Connector,or the Connector push button.The system displays the Display "LDAP Connector (Maintenance view)" View : Overview screen

7.Switch to change mode and select New entries .The system displays the new entries :Details of added Entries screen.

8.Enter the following data for the LDAP connector

Field    Meaning

Connector name    Name of the RFC destination for the LDAP connector

Application server   Name of the application server on which the LDAP Connector is to be   started

Status               Target status of the CCMS monitoring

Trace level               Possible trace levels

 TRACE OFF(The program start and all error messages are nevertheless always logged)                                     

9. Save your entries

10. To start the Connector,Choose start the Connector.

Operation of LDAP connector

When you start the LDAP Connector, the operating system displays an error message because the library is not found.

To operate the LDAP connector,the " libldapssl40.sl","libldapssl41.so" or "libldap41.sl" library is required on the HP-UX platform,depending on the release.The LDAp Connector requires a library for communication using the LDAP protocol.Please see the solution below.

Solution

cd /usr/sap//SYS/exe/run

On PA-RISC for 64-bit

#ln -s /usr/lib/pa20_64/libldap.sl libldapssll40.sl

#ln -s /usr/lib/pa20_64/libldap.sl libldap41.sl

ON IA for 64-bit

#ln-s /usr/lib/hpux64/libldap.so libldapssl41.so

Once the above is done.Please start the LDAP connector

Please execute the following for PA RISC server

/usr/sap/SID/SYS/exe/run/ldap_rfc -a LDAP -x sapgw00 -g hostname -l o -f /usr/lib/pa20_64/dld.sl

Please execute the following for Itanium server

/usr/sap/SID/SYS/exe/run/ldap_rfc -a LDAP -x sapgw00 -g hostname -l 0 -f /usr/lib/hpux64/dld.sl

RESULT

The LDAP Connector is available and can be selected in the Connector filed in the Directory service Maintenance screen

CHECK

To check the activation of the LDAP Connector,view the logs in the trace files dev_.trc i.e dev_ldap.trc using transaction ST11.

Wednesday, March 11, 2009

Knowing on HARDWARE SIZING

HARDWARE SIZING -----very big deal??? Estimating hardware resources always leave you with many scenarios.Firstly will give a quick abstract----

Approximation of the Hardware resources required to support a particular software application.

To do this there are many ways.ground level-->Firstly from the software product view ---Will know more about customer requirements,sizing questionnaires & calculate the resources from the experience side (experience->always working on sizing will be able to give the rough estimate)
But Most of the companies provide there own various tools for the sizing like IBM.Oracle,SAP quick sizer,HP -Unix.They would say for free though but again If you need the accurate resource you need to pay for it .....


From SAP point of view

The SAP going live Functional upgrade check which consists of several sessions and is part of SAP standard support ensuring basic safeguarding of customers upgrade projects where Certified Consultants perform each session through a remote connection.

For example the values of one system which need to be upgraded from 47E to ECC6 .Regarding system environment. Central instance has 34 cpu's on HP-UX with 143 GB memory & 6 appservers on linux each with 8 cpu's & around 31Gb of memory ,Db size is of 6 Terabytes..Note 0901070 note gave a very good explanation of the effect on system hardware after the upgrade & satisfied with my result after reading various documentation.

Thursday, February 5, 2009

Quick view of SAP EURO CONVERSION from admin eye

Why we do conversion?

To support legal requirements.SAP has implemented the SAP euro conversion back in 1998.Designed in collaboration with auditors & certified.. Used by severall thousand SAP customers.

Which data is principally converted
Customizing data
Master data
Transaction data
Customer specific data is considered
Search function for customer reports
Search function for Datadictionary


Ok now will jump to my field SAP Basis tasks

Main steps to follow are ....

Note no 534036
Data backup
Switch of archive logging
Adjust database parameters

Data backup

1.A backup before conversion is required to have a valid restore point,Also for documentation purposes before live conversion

2.Another backup after conversion is recommended to have a restore point after conversion incase the system must be restored at a later stage for reasons independent of the conversion..Only for live conversion.

System settings
1.Switch of archive logging
2.Adjust database parameters
3.SAP note 173993 contains general recomendations & best practices.
4.User lock for downtime-Specific functionality to lock users during conversion downtime,Determine and maintain users that should be excluded from being locked

IT IS CRUCIAL THAT NO CURRENCY RELEVANT SETTINGS ARE EVER TRANSPORTED BETWEEN CONVERTED & NON-CONVERTED SYSTEMS

ANALYSIS ----->SYSTEM SETTINGS----->CONVERSION

System settings is the part which we take care .

Note 534036 is the best one to follow for my SAP release.Normally there is a note 173993 Cluster : System settings during Euro LC changeover note belongs to 4.6C which is not our release so I went ahead with Note 534036.It gives an overview for system settings not direct for EURO-conversion, but I think it's a generally issue.

Well will put the main changes of the parameters below( well our SAP system is of 124 cup's & 7 application servers......So the changes are as below)We did 3 test runs so showing the difference of parameters between test run & production run
Comparing Test & Production
1. db_file_multiblock_read_count 32 32
2. Oracle sessions 300 800
3. Oracle Processes 200 1000
4. shared_pool_reserved_size 50M 524288000(500M)
5. shared_pool_size 500M 2634022912(2512M)
6. Redologs 500M 500M
7. undo_retention 172800 (48hrs) 43200 12hrs (48hrs)
8. pga_aggregate_target 209715200 838860800
9. db_writer_processes 5 12
10. REC/CLIENT =OFF (logging of changes in tables has been deactivated
11. tcp.nodelay=YES
12. Refresh of statistics
13. Spool retention(SAP_REORG_SPOOL should not run in the system)


We increased the table spaces as specified below. but this is independent of the total space of your database
Our database is of around 6 tera bytes. so we have to increase as below

14. DB Space(PSAPQAS) 200GB(need to increase after index rebuilds)

15. TEMP table space(PSAPTEMP) 110Gb

16. Undo space(PSAPUNDO) 250GB

17. Below are the indexes need to be created as per our system.

Create index COEP~3 with MANDT,KOKRS,BUKRS
Delete index as per EWUINDEX program(Tech team will do this)
Create index GLPCA~5 fileds RCLNT/RBUKRS
Create index ZJCISLNA~5 Fileds RCLNT/RBUKRS

For larger databases according to the following
Formula:Minimum number of batch processes = (DB size in GB / 75 GB + 1) Batch processes + 1 batch process from class A.


As per our business requirement.they need a backup system(new system) accessible after euro conversion(online with reporting facility) without any batch processes & no updates running so that no changes to the system will be possible...After few months of euro conversion again we got the request the need of few background & update & a few printers to be active for the users need later agreed on paying 200.00 euros for just the monthly backup of the system for 1 year..After that they are fine having that system offline.but that system needs to be available for next 10 years.

Just FYI the whole phases of EURO CONVERSION

We did 4 test runs before we move to production.The activities of the run
'ANALYZE' phase and activities post-shut down, pre-"conversion"
'FILL' phase
'GENERATION'
"CONVERSION" MOST CRITICAL PHASE (duration assigned - TEST1 run post SAP Optimizing -12 hrs, TEST2 run - 39 hrs, TEST3 run - 7 hrs)
'RECON' phase
COEP index deletion
GLPCA and other index recreation - SECOND CRITICAL Phase ( TEST1 run 26 hrs, TEST2 2nd run 15 hrs, TEST3 3rd run - 4 hrs)'POST' Phase
MODULE SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES
Custom program for Hyperion mapping
Validation


Well The final run was very fast.the whole euro conversion process is done comfortably in 2 days.

Saturday, September 27, 2008

My very first Blog & Introduction

Greetings World



I am very new to this blogging world.Well getting noticed :-).Firstly Hello everyone.Would take a little time to introduce myself though... chandu working as SAP BASIS(Administration).... If the blogging continues (means if I spare some time)you would be knowing lot. .That would be for today guys.Will get back with my favourite topic someother time:-) Happy reading